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How to act in an emergency?

/ How to act in an emergency?

Help injured people to get out of their vehicles. It is a crucial moment, because you can increase the severity of the injuries while taking the person out of the car.

The main injuries in a car accident are: craniocerebral traumas, injuries of the thoracic and lower extremities. So before removing the victim from the car, it is necessary to eliminate all objects that can prevent this.

Pull the person, having taken him by the axillary areas. Since in an accident a person receives various kinds of injuries, bruises, fractures, do not create any sudden movements. Never pull the limbs harshly, do not bend the limbs and torso. If there is a suspicion of a fracture of the spine, such a patient should be placed on the abdomen, so that the fracture site remains in relative peace.

After removing the victim from the car, you should as quickly as possible assess his condition. Remove any body compressing clothing to ensure the flow of oxygen (remove the tie, tear down the clothes, loosen the belt, etc.). Be careful: any careless movement or pressure can only increase the pain.

Assess the condition of the victim. Examine the victim, identify signs of life: consciousness, breathing, heartbeat. If the victim is not breathing and has no heartbeat begin indirect heart massage and artificial lung ventilation at a ratio of 30 to 2. Call an ambulance by phone numbers “103” or “112”.

If you have a sudden pressing, squeezing, burning and/or bursting pain in chest (behind the breastbone) for more than 5 minutes, shortness of breath, sharp weakness, cold sweat – all that could be signs of a "heart attack".

The patient should stop any physical activity, take a comfortable position and loose the tie and waist belt. Provide fresh air. You can take 0.25 - 0.5 mg of aspirin.

Call an ambulance by phone numbers “103” or “112”.

If you already had chest pains some time ago and you know what could’ve caused it now, it is necessary to adhere your attending doctor’s prescription (take painkillers, etc). In case of inefficiency of the drug, consult by phone "103".

If you have a sudden strong (unbearable) headache, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, loss of consciousness, it could be a sign of a stroke. The patient should stop all physical activity, take a comfortable position. Provide fresh air. In case of loss of consciousness lay the patient from an elevated position of the upper body to the position on the side. Check breathing, heartbeat. If there isn’t any, start chest compressions and begin indirect heart massage and artificial lung ventilation at a ratio of 30 to 2.

Call an ambulance by phone numbers “103” or “112”.

If a headache is familiar to the patient (migraine, tension headache), he can relive it by creating a comfortable environment (rest, sleep, massage of the head and neck). Taking medications could also help (citramone, caffeine, Pentalgin, paracetamol). You should remember that all measures to relieve a headache are most effective at the beginning of the attack.

In case of inefficiency of the drug, consult the ambulance by phone "103".

Convulsive seizures are related with a sudden loss of consciousness, accompanied by motor activity of the limbs, head and body. Protect the person with convulsions from additional injuries and eliminate possible external threats to life.

Until regaining consciousness the patient should be laid down with his head turned slightly to the side. Remove all items that can damage the patient during seizures. Hold the head, arms and legs, but do not counteract convulsive movements (do not fix the body, arms, legs and head of the patient).

Loosen tight clothes (tie, belt, etc), remove glasses. Don't try to unclench his teeth. Do not insert or put anything in his mouth. Do not leave him alone. Record time duration of the attack.

Call an ambulance by phone numbers “103” or “112”.

If the patient has sudden difficulty breathing (shortness of breath), he should stop any physical activity, take a comfortable position, loosen the tie and waist belt. Provide fresh air.

Call an ambulance by phone numbers “103” or “112”.

If the patient is familiar to those symptoms and he knows what could’ve caused it, it is necessary to check his attending doctor’s prescription.

In case of inefficiency of the taken drugs, consult by phone "103".

There are quite a variety of conditions that can lead to the loss of consciousness: faints (syncope), epilepsy attacks, metabolic disorders, strokes, traumatic brain injuries, etc.

Unconscious state of a patient is considered an emergency and is a good reason to call an ambulance. Use phone numbers "103" or "112».

How to provide first aid: assess the situation; look for threats to your lives.

Carefully turn the victim on his side, examine the victim, determine whether he has signs of life or not: is he breathing? If he is not breathing, or has no heartbeat, begin indirect heart massage and artificial lung ventilation at a ratio of 30 to 2.

Allergic reaction is accompanied by various externally symptoms, such as itching, skin rash, eye pain, dry cough, sneezing and swelling.

Forms of the disease requiring emergency medical care:

  • generalized rash, extensive rash or rashes all over the body, itching;
  • angioedema: edema of subcutaneous tissue, difficulty breathing;
  • anaphylactic shock: severe sudden weakness, loss of consciousness.

In case of an allergic reaction (requiring emergency medical care), the patient should stop contact with the allergen, stop all physical activity, take a comfortable position. Provide fresh air.

Call an ambulance by phone numbers “103” or “112”.

Forms of the disease that do not require emergency medical care: allergic rhinitis, local rash, allergic dermatitis and conjunctivitis. It is necessary to take the drug prescribed by a doctor (such as Suprastin, Tavegil), or consult a doctor in a clinic.

In case of inefficiency of the taken drugs, consult by phone "103".

Abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting or/and dark stool, body weakness and cold sweat – those are urgent reasons to call an ambulance. Sudden abdominal pain for more than 10 minutes, accompanied by nausea, vomiting could be a signs of a severe disease of the abdominal cavity or poisoning. The patient should stop all physical activity, take a comfortable position. Provide fresh air.

Call an ambulance at the following phone numbers: "103" or "112".

If the patient is familiar to those symptoms and he knows what could’ve caused it, it is necessary to check his attending doctor’s prescription.

In case of inefficiency of the taken drugs, consult by phone "103".

In case of minor injuries, abrasions, bruises, sprains, small bleeding, it is necessary to contact any of the trauma centers of Moscow: https://mosgorzdrav.ru/en-US/citizens/emias.html

For anesthesia, you can take analgin, Nurofen, apply cold bandage to the injured spot.

Severe bleedings:

- If venous (dark blood trickles down): apply a pressure bandage at the wound;

- If arterial (scarlet blood fountains): press above the injury with fingers, tourniquet or belt. Keep the limb elevated. Mark the time when the tourniquet was applied.

Call an ambulance by phone numbers “103” or “112”.